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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), also known as cot death or crib death, is the sudden unexplained death of a child less than one year of age. It requires that the death remains unexplained even after a thorough autopsy and detailed death scene investigation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sudden Infant Death )〕 SIDS usually occurs during sleep.〔 Typically death occurs between the hours of 00:00 and 09:00. There is usually no evidence of struggle and no noise produced. The exact cause of SIDS is unknown. The requirement of a combination of factors including a specific underlying susceptibility, a specific time in development, and an environmental stressor has been proposed.〔 These environmental stressors may include sleeping on the stomach or side, overheating, and exposure to cigarette smoke.〔 Accidental suffocation such as during bed sharing may also play a role.〔 Another risk factor is being born before 39 weeks of gestation.〔 SIDS make up about 80% of sudden and unexpected infant deaths (SUIDs), with other causes including infections, genetic disorders, and heart problems. While child abuse in the form of intentional suffocation may be misdiagnosed as SIDS, this is believed to make up less than 5% of cases.〔 The most effective method of preventing SIDS is putting a child less than one year old on its back to sleep.〔 Other measures include a firm mattress separate from but close to caregivers, no loose bedding, a relatively cool sleeping environment, using a pacifier, and avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke. Breastfeeding and immunization may also be preventive.〔〔 Measures not shown to be useful include positioning devices, baby monitors and fans.〔 Grief support for families impacted by SIDS is important as the death of the infant is sudden, without witnesses, and often associated with an investigation.〔 Rates of SIDS vary nearly tenfold in developed countries from one in a thousand to one in ten thousand.〔 Globally it resulted in about 15,000 deaths in 2013 down from 22,000 deaths in 1990. SIDS was the third leading cause of death in children less than one year old in the United States in 2011. It is the most common cause of death between one month and one year of age.〔 About 90% of cases happen before six months of age, with it being most frequent between two month and four months of age.〔〔 It occurs more often in males than females. ==Definition== SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be applied to only those cases in which an infant's death is sudden and unexpected, and remains unexplained after the performance of an adequate postmortem investigation, including: # an autopsy (by an experienced pediatric pathologist, if possible); # investigation of the death scene and circumstances of the death; # exploration of the medical history of the infant and family. After investigation, some of these infant deaths are found to be caused by accidental suffocation, hyperthermia or hypothermia, neglect or some other defined cause.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome )〕 Australia and New Zealand are shifting to the term "sudden unexpected death in infancy" (SUDI) for professional, scientific, and coronial clarity. The term SUDI is now often used instead of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) because some coroners prefer to use the term 'undetermined' for a death previously considered to be SIDS. This change is causing diagnostic shift in the mortality data.〔(NZ Ministry of Health )〕In addition, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently proposed that such deaths be called "sudden unexpected infant deaths" (SUID) and that SIDS is a subset of SUID.〔http://www.cdc.gov/SIDS/index.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sudden infant death syndrome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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